SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Solar radius</title>

</head>

Solar radius

</h1>

</header>

<caption>Conversion of nominal solar radius

</caption>

<th>1 <var>R</var>☉ =

</th>

<th>Units

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Metre" title="Metre">metres</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometres</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Mile" title="Mile">miles</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Light-year" title="Light-year">light-year</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Light-second" title="Light-second">light-seconds</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

Solar radius is a unit of <a href="Distance" title="Distance">distance</a> used to express the size of objects in <a href="Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> relative to the <a href="Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>. The solar <a href="Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> is usually defined as the radius to the layer in the <a href="Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s <a href="Photosphere" title="Photosphere">photosphere</a> where the <a href="Optical_depth_(astrophysics)" title="Optical depth (astrophysics)">optical depth</a> equals 2/3:<a href="#cite_note-Hab2008-1">[1]</a>

<msub>

</mrow>

</msub>

<msup>

</mrow>

</msup>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\,R_{\odot }=6.957\times 10^{8}{\hbox{ m}}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math>

695,700 kilometres (432,300 miles) is approximately 10 times <a href="Jupiter_radius" title="Jupiter radius">the average radius</a> of <a href="Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, 109 times <a href="Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">the radius</a> of the <a href="Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, and 1/215 of an <a href="Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a>, the approximate distance between Earth and the Sun. The solar radius to either pole and that to the equator differ slightly due to the Sun's <a href="Stellar_rotation" title="Stellar rotation">rotation</a>, which induces an <a href="Flattening" title="Flattening">oblateness</a> in the order of 10 parts per million.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The solar diameter is double the solar radius.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Measurements">Measurements</h2></div>

The uncrewed <a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> spacecraft was used to measure the radius of the Sun by timing transits of Mercury across the surface during 2003 and 2006. The result was a measured radius of 696,342 ± 65 kilometres (432,687 ± 40 miles).<a href="#cite_note-arxiv1203_4898-4">[4]</a>

Haberreiter, Schmutz & Kosovichev (2008)<a href="#cite_note-Hab2008-1">[1]</a> determined the radius corresponding to the solar photosphere to be 695,660 ± 140 kilometres (432,263 ± 87 miles). This new value is consistent with helioseismic estimates; the same study showed that previous estimates using inflection point methods had been overestimated by approximately 300 km (190 mi).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nominal_solar_radius">Nominal solar radius</h2></div>

In 2015, the <a href="International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> passed Resolution B3, which defined a set of nominal conversion constants for stellar and planetary <a href="Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>. Resolution B3 defined the nominal solar radius (symbol <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{\odot }^{N}}">

</mrow>

</mrow>

</msubsup>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{\odot }^{N}}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math><img src="./c9db70e1e155bbf32599dea568910e9f6b8d350f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.455ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{\odot }^{N}}" loading="lazy">) to be equal to exactly 695700 km.<a href="#cite_note-IAU2015resB3-5">[5]</a> The nominal value, which is the rounded value, within the uncertainty, given by Haberreiter, Schmutz & Kosovichev (2008), was adopted to help astronomers avoid confusion when quoting stellar radii in units of the Sun's radius, even when future observations will likely refine the Sun's actual photospheric radius (which is currently<a href="#cite_note-Mef2018-6">[6]</a> only known to about an accuracy of ±100–200 km).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

Solar radii as a unit are common when describing spacecraft moving close to the sun. Two spacecraft in the 2010s include:

<ul><li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (as close as 45 R☉)</li>

<li><a href="Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a> (as close as 9 R☉)</li></ul>

<caption>Radius of another objects relative to the Sun's radius

</caption>

<th>Name

</th>

<th>Radius (Solar radius)

</th>

<th>Radius (<a href="Kilometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometers">kilometers</a>)

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>

</td>

<td>5.94×1011

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="UY_Scuti" title="UY Scuti">UY Scuti</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>632,400,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>531,500,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a> A

</td>

</td>

<td>473,076,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Rigel" title="Rigel">Rigel</a> A

</td>

</td>

<td>51,550,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Aldebaran" title="Aldebaran">Aldebaran</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>31,375,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Arcturus" title="Arcturus">Arcturus</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>17,670,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Pollux_(star)" title="Pollux (star)">Pollux</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>6,300,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> A

</td>

</td>

<td>1,190,350

</td></tr>

</td>

<td>1

</td>

<td>695,700

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Proxima_Centauri" title="Proxima Centauri">Proxima Centauri</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>107,275

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>

</td>

<td>0.1028

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>

</td>

<td>0.0866

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>

</td>

<td>0.03673

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>

</td>

<td>0.03559

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>

</td>

<td>0.009168

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>

</td>

<td>0.00869

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>0.00488

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>

</td>

<td>0.0035

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>0.0025

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>

</td>

<td>0.0017

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">Astronomical unit</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_radius" title="Earth radius">Earth radius</a></li>

<li><a href="Jupiter_radius" title="Jupiter radius">Jupiter radius</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_largest_stars" title="List of largest stars">List of largest stars</a></li>

<li><a href="Orders_of_magnitude_(length)" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">Orders of magnitude (length)</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_luminosity" title="Solar luminosity">Solar luminosity</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_mass" title="Solar mass">Solar mass</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_parallax" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar parallax">Solar parallax</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFHaberreiterSchmutzKosovichev2008" class="citation cs2">Haberreiter, M; Schmutz, W; Kosovichev, A.G. (2008), "Solving the Discrepancy between the Seismic and Photospheric Solar Radius", Astrophysical Journal, 675 (1): L53 – L56, <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0711.2392">0711.2392</a>, <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...675L..53H">2008ApJ...675L..53H</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F529492">10.1086/529492</a>, <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14584860">14584860</a></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917185431/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/02oct_oblatesun/">"NASA RHESSI oblateness measurements 2012"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/02oct_oblatesun/">the original</a> on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2017-07-12.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRibas2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ribas, Ignasi (August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/293C0314C44A1A4AAF8175A3C288B50B/S1743921309992298a.pdf/sun_and_stars_as_the_primary_energy_input_in_planetary_atmospheres.pdf">"The Sun and Stars as the Primary Energy Input in Planetary Atmospheres"</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 5 (S264 [Solar and Stellar Variability: Impact on Earth and Planets]): 3–18. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.4872">0911.4872</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IAUS..264....3R">2010IAUS..264....3R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921309992298">10.1017/S1743921309992298</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119107400">119107400</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-arxiv1203_4898-4"><a href="#cite_ref-arxiv1203_4898_4-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEmilioKuhnBushScholl2012" class="citation cs2">Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012), "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits", The Astrophysical Journal, 750 (2): 135, <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.4898">1203.4898</a>, <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...750..135E">2012ApJ...750..135E</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F750%2F2%2F135">10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135</a>, <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119255559">119255559</a></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IAU2015resB3-5"><a href="#cite_ref-IAU2015resB3_5-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMamajekPrsaTorreset2015" class="citation cs2">Mamajek, E.E.; Prsa, A.; Torres, G.; et, al. (2015), IAU 2015 Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary Properties, <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.07674">1510.07674</a>, <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015arXiv151007674M">2015arXiv151007674M</a></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Mef2018-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Mef2018_6-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMeftahCorbardHauchecorneMorand2018" class="citation cs2">Meftah, M; Corbard, T; Hauchecorne, A.; Morand, F.; Ikhlef, R.; Chauvineau, B.; Renaud, C.; Sarkissian, A.; Damé, L. (2018), "Solar radius determined from PICARD/SODISM observationsand extremely weak wavelength dependence in the visibleand the near-infrared", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 616: A64, <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...616A..64M">2018A&A...616A..64M</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201732159">10.1051/0004-6361/201732159</a></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoodwinGribbinHendry1998" class="citation journal cs1">Goodwin, S. P.; Gribbin, J.; Hendry, M. A. (1998-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Obs...118..201G">"The relative size of the Milky Way"</a>. The Observatory. 118: 201–208. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Obs...118..201G">1998Obs...118..201G</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7704">0029-7704</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHealyHoriuchiMollaMilisavljevic2024" class="citation journal cs1">Healy, Sarah; Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Molla, Marta Colomer; Milisavljevic, Dan; Tseng, Jeff; Bergin, Faith; Weil, Kathryn; Tanaka, Masaomi (2024-03-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstae738">"Red Supergiant Candidates for Multimessenger Monitoring of the Next Galactic Supernova"</a>. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529 (4): 3630–3650. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.08785">2307.08785</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024MNRAS.529.3630H">2024MNRAS.529.3630H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstae738">10.1093/mnras/stae738</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711">0035-8711</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJoyceLeungMolnárIreland2020" class="citation journal cs1">Joyce, Meridith; Leung, Shing-Chi; Molnár, László; Ireland, Michael; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken'ichi (2020-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fabb8db">"Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: New Mass and Distance Estimates for Betelgeuse through Combined Evolutionary, Asteroseismic, and Hydrodynamic Simulations with MESA"</a>. The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 63. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09837">2006.09837</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...902...63J">2020ApJ...902...63J</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fabb8db">10.3847/1538-4357/abb8db</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOhnakaHofmannSchertlWeigelt2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ohnaka, K.; Hofmann, K. -H.; Schertl, D.; Weigelt, G.; Baffa, C.; Chelli, A.; Petrov, R.; Robbe-Dubois, S. (2013-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...555A..24O">"High spectral resolution imaging of the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Antares in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER"</a>. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 555: A24. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.4800">1304.4800</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...555A..24O">2013A&A...555A..24O</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201321063">10.1051/0004-6361/201321063</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361">0004-6361</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBainesArmstrongSchmittZavala2018" class="citation journal cs1">Baines, Ellyn K.; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, James A.; Hutter, Donald J.; Tycner, Christopher; van Belle, Gerard T. (2018-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9d8b">"Fundamental Parameters of 87 Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer"</a>. The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1): 30. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.08109">1712.08109</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AJ....155...30B">2018AJ....155...30B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9d8b">10.3847/1538-3881/aa9d8b</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6256">0004-6256</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHatzesCochranEndlGuenther2015" class="citation journal cs1">Hatzes, A. P.; Cochran, W. D.; Endl, M.; Guenther, E. W.; MacQueen, P.; Hartmann, M.; Zechmeister, M.; Han, I.; Lee, B. -C.; Walker, G. A. H.; Yang, S.; Larson, A. M.; Kim, K. -M.; Mkrtichian, D. E.; Döllinger, M. (2015-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A&A...580A..31H">"Long-lived, long-period radial velocity variations in Aldebaran: A planetary companion and stellar activity"</a>. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 580: A31. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.03454">1505.03454</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A&A...580A..31H">2015A&A...580A..31H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201425519">10.1051/0004-6361/201425519</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361">0004-6361</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRamírezAllende_Prieto2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ramírez, I.; Allende Prieto, C. (2011-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...743..135R">"Fundamental Parameters and Chemical Composition of Arcturus"</a>. The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (2): 135. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.4425">1109.4425</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...743..135R">2011ApJ...743..135R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F743%2F2%2F135">10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/135</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBainesArmstrongSchmittZavala2017" class="citation journal cs1">Baines, Ellyn K.; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, James A.; Hutter, Donald J.; Tycner, Christopher; Belle, Gerard T. van (2017-12-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9d8b">"Fundamental Parameters of 87 Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer"</a>. The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1): 30. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.08109">1712.08109</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AJ....155...30B">2018AJ....155...30B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa9d8b">10.3847/1538-3881/aa9d8b</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6256">0004-6256</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLiebertYoungArnettHolberg2005" class="citation journal cs1">Liebert, James; Young, Patrick A.; Arnett, David; Holberg, J. B.; Williams, Kurtis A. (2005-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...630L..69L">"The Age and Progenitor Mass of Sirius B"</a>. The Astrophysical Journal. 630 (1): L69 – L72. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0507523">astro-ph/0507523</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...630L..69L">2005ApJ...630L..69L</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F462419">10.1086/462419</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKervellaThéveninLovis2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (February 2017). "Proxima's orbit around Alpha Centauri". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598: L7. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03495">1611.03495</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A&A...598L...7K">2017A&A...598L...7K</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201629930">10.1051/0004-6361/201629930</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361">0004-6361</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-8">i</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html">"Planetary Physical Parameters"</a>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved January 24, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html">"Moon Fact Sheet"</a>. nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFS._C._TripathyH._M._Antia1999" class="citation journal cs1">S. C. Tripathy; H. M. Antia (1999). "Influence of surface layers on the seismic estimate of the solar radius". Solar Physics. 186 (1/2): 1–11. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SoPh..186....1T">1999SoPh..186....1T</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1005116830445">10.1023/A:1005116830445</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118037693">118037693</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFT._M._BrownJ._Christensen-Dalsgaard1998" class="citation journal cs1">T. M. Brown; <a href="J%C3%B8rgen_Christensen-Dalsgaard" title="Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard">J. Christensen-Dalsgaard</a> (1998). "Accurate Determination of the Solar Photospheric Radius". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 500 (2): L195. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9803131">astro-ph/9803131</a>. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...500L.195B">1998ApJ...500L.195B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F311416">10.1086/311416</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13875360">13875360</a>.</cite></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Units_of_length_used_in_Astronomy190" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Units_of_length_used_in_Astronomy190" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Unit_of_length" title="Unit of length">Units of length</a> used in <a href="Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Astronomical_system_of_units" title="Astronomical system of units">Astronomical system of units</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Earth_radius_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth radius (unit)">Earth radius</a> (<var>R</var>🜨 or RE)</li>

<li><a href="Light-second" title="Light-second">Light-second</a> (ls)</li>

<li><a href="Gigametre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigametre">gigametre</a> (Gm)</li>

<li><a href="Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">Astronomical unit</a> (au)</li>

<li><a href="Terametre" class="mw-redirect" title="Terametre">terametre</a> (Tm)</li>

<li><a href="Light-year" title="Light-year">light-year</a> (ly)</li>

<li><a href="Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> (pc)</li>

<li><a href="Kiloparsec" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloparsec">kiloparsec</a> (kpc)</li>

<li><a href="Megaparsec" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaparsec">megaparsec</a> (Mpc)</li>

<li><a href="Gigaparsec" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigaparsec">gigaparsec</a> (Gpc)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<dd><a href="Cosmic_distance_ladder" title="Cosmic distance ladder">Cosmic distance ladder</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Orders_of_magnitude_(length)" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">Orders of magnitude (length)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Solar_radius&oldid=1298945904">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>